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Perspective in Revit: camera, display styles, sun and shadows

Perspective in Revit 2027: place a camera, pick a display style, set the project location so shadows match a Vietnamese latitude, and read the sun path.

  • Dr. Nguyen Manh Tuan
  • 15 min read
The sample building shown in the Realistic style with material textures and shadows Photo: Screenshot taken on Revit 2027 at the Institute

Producing a perspective in Revit requires no new modelling. The model already exists from the walls, floors and roofs you drew. What remains is placing a camera, choosing how the view is drawn, and setting the sun for the place the building actually stands.

This article covers all four on the 2027 release, including one setting that a great many Revit projects in Vietnam get wrong while the software reports no error at all. To learn modelling and documentation end to end, see the Revit Architecture course.

Revit 3D views: axonometric to check, perspective to present

Everything starts on the View tab, Create panel, 3D View button. Its menu holds three items.

The 3D View menu Photo: Default 3D View, Camera and Walkthrough
ItemWhat it does
Default 3D ViewOpens the default axonometric view named {3D}. This is the working view
CameraPlaces a camera in plan and creates a perspective view
WalkthroughCreates a path and exports an animation

The {3D} view is axonometric. Lines parallel in reality stay parallel on screen, there is no vanishing point, and dimensions can be measured straight off the view. That suits checking the model rather than presenting it.

You do not need a new camera to get a perspective. The Properties palette of a 3D view has a Projection Mode box: switch it from Orthographic to Perspective and the change is immediate.

In the same palette, Far Clip Offset on the {3D} view reads 304800.0 mm. That odd number is exactly 1000 feet, a trace of the original unit system. Whenever an odd figure like that appears in Revit, dividing by 304.8 gives a round number of feet.

On a large project a 3D view is for inspection rather than admiration. Open it and gaps or misalignments show up at once.

Using a 3D view to inspect the model Photo: Two error-prone areas numbered on the 3D view of a housing project
No.ComponentWhat it means
1Elevation with balconiesIn three dimensions it is obvious whether the balcony rhythm is even and whether any handrail run is missing. On a 2D elevation it is far harder to see
2Curved corner glazingA curved corner is the most error-prone part of all. Orbit around it a few times and gaps between panels reveal themselves

An inspection view is best left shaded with shadows off: it draws quickly, and no shadow hides a defect. To remove clutter, right-click an element, choose Hide in View then Category, and the whole category disappears from this view alone. A more systematic approach to visibility is covered in hiding and showing elements in Revit.

To cut into the building and see the structure inside, use a section box, described in detail in creating sections in Revit.

A Revit camera view: two ribbon boxes and how to aim it

For an image that matches what the eye sees, place a camera. Four steps:

  1. Open the plan view of the storey you will stand on.
  2. Go to View, then 3D View, then Camera.
  3. Click once for the viewer position.
  4. Click again for the point being looked at.

After the second click Revit creates a view named 3D View 1 and opens it.

The Camera panel on the ribbon Photo: The Camera panel with Offset 1750.0 and From set to level L1

Offset is eye height above the level, prefilled at 1750.0 mm, the eye height of a standing person. From is the level it is measured against.

This is where the 2027 release differs from older ones. Older releases put these two boxes on the Options Bar together with a Perspective tick box. The 2027 release moves them into a contextual ribbon panel and drops that tick box entirely: the camera tool always produces a perspective view.

The new perspective view Photo: The perspective view of the sample building, crop region still visible

The most precise way to aim a perspective in Revit is with two numbers in the Properties palette.

The Camera group of a perspective view Photo: Projection Mode reads Perspective, with eye and target elevations both at 1750
No.ComponentWhat it means
1Projection ModeReads Perspective, unlike the Orthographic of the {3D} view
2Eye and Target ElevationBoth read 1750.0, meaning the line of sight is horizontal

With Eye equal to Target the sight line is level, and vertical building lines stay vertical in the image. Raise Eye above Target and the view looks downward, at which point verticals begin to converge.

Kind of viewHow to set the two elevations
PedestrianEye 1500 to 1750, Target equal to Eye. This is the most truthful angle
From the building oppositeEye 6000 to 12000, Target around 3000. Roof and yard both visible
Bird's eyeEye tens of metres, Target at yard level. Used to introduce a whole site

A more visual method is to open plan and perspective side by side and drag the camera symbol in plan. Right-click the view name in the Project Browser, choose Show Camera, and the camera appears with its cone of vision. Autodesk describes orienting a camera to another view on the page Specify the Camera Position in a 3D View.

Locked Orientation freezes the direction, so no amount of orbiting will lose an angle you have settled on.

A perspective view has no scale. Where a plan shows 1:100 on the View Control Bar, a perspective shows the word Perspective. It can be placed on a sheet, but carries no scale and nothing on it can be dimensioned.

Revit display styles: six of them, and the one that is gone

Revit draws the same view in six different ways. The selector sits on the View Control Bar at the bottom of the screen.

The display style menu Photo: The six display styles of the 2027 release, Wireframe through Realistic
StyleHow it draws
WireframeLines only, seen through every surface. Fastest, useful on heavy models
Hidden LineLines only, but correctly occluded. This is the style for printed drawings
ShadedMaterial colours with light shading. The most common working style
Consistent ColorsFlat colour that does not vary with surface orientation. Good for diagrams
TexturesShows material images without full lighting
RealisticShows material images and computes lighting. The heaviest of the six

The 2027 release no longer has Ray Trace, which older releases offered, and adds Textures instead. Older tutorials still mention Ray Trace; searching for it on 2027 will find nothing.

Three display styles on one view Photo: The same building in Hidden Line, Shaded and Realistic

All three images above share one camera angle. Hidden Line gives clean lines on white. Shaded fills by material colour with light and shade. Realistic adds the textures, so roof tiles and timber read clearly.

Graphic Display Options: shadows, ambient light and background

The first item on the display style menu opens a dialog gathering everything about how a view is drawn. Seven collapsible groups.

The Graphic Display Options dialog Photo: Model Display, Shadows and Lighting expanded
No.ComponentWhat it means
1Model DisplayStyle is the display style; Show Edges draws outlines or not; Transparency makes the model see-through; Silhouettes thickens the outer profile
2ShadowsCast Shadows turns on sun shadows; Show Ambient Shadows adds soft shading in recesses
3LightingScheme picks the lighting type; three sliders, Sun, Ambient Light and Shadows, set their strengths

The Lighting sliders are prefilled at Sun 30, Ambient Light 0 and Shadows 50. Raising Ambient Light lifts the faces turned away from the sun and softens the image. It is the first thing to reach for when a view looks too contrasty.

The remaining groups matter less but are worth knowing. Sketchy Lines gives a hand-drawn wobble suited to early design images. Depth Cueing fades elements with distance. The Realistic group tunes the Realistic style alone.

The Background group offers four choices: None for white, Sky for a graduated sky with a ground colour box, Gradient for three user-set colours, and Image for a photographic backdrop to composite against.

This background affects only the view on screen and in print. A rendered image has its own background set in the rendering dialog, covered in rendering in Revit. Setting one does not change the other.

Revit project location: the Boston default makes every shadow wrong

Shadows are only correct once Revit knows where on Earth the building stands. The sun dialog opens from the sun button on the View Control Bar, item Sun Settings.

The Sun Settings dialog in Still mode Photo: The preset list and the Location, Date and Time boxes of Still mode
No.ComponentWhat it means
1PresetsBesides <In-session, Still> there are four presets: Summer Solstice, Winter Solstice, Spring Equinox and Fall Equinox — the two solstices and two equinoxes
2Location, Date, TimePlace, date and time. These three decide the whole sun direction

Solar Study offers four modes: Still for one instant, Single Day for one day, Multi-Day for several, and Lighting for an artificial sun whose azimuth and altitude you type in.

Lighting is the default mode, and it has nothing to do with date or location. It is fine for a flattering image, but cannot be used to study real shadows.

The default location of every new Revit project is Boston, latitude 42 degrees north. Leave it and every shadow in the set belongs to a North American city, with no warning from the software. This is the most common error in Revit projects in Vietnam.

Click the browse button beside the Location box to open Location and Site.

The Location tab after searching for Hanoi Photo: Address box, the coordinate pair and the list of nearest weather stations
No.ComponentWhat it means
1Project AddressType a city name and click Search. The mapping service accepts the name with or without Vietnamese diacritics
2Latitude and longitudeRead straight off the map. Hanoi gives latitude 21.02833366 and longitude 105.85404205
3Weather StationsThe nearest stations with their distances. The closest to Hanoi is 506685, 4.95 km away

Two settings are easily missed. Define Location by defaults to Internet Mapping Service, which needs a connection; without one, switch to Default City List. Use Daylight Savings time must be off, because Vietnam does not shift its clocks, and leaving it on puts every shadow an hour out.

The Site tab carries Angle from Project North to True North, where the difference between drawing north and true north is declared. The practical approach is to keep the plan square to the building for ease of drafting, then declare the angle here, rather than rotating the whole model to true north.

Revit shadows at a Vietnamese latitude differ from foreign references

Set the location to Hanoi, then apply the two solstice presets in turn, and the results diverge sharply.

Shadows at midday on the summer solstice Photo: The sample building at midday on the summer solstice in Hanoi, with almost no shadow on the ground
Shadows at midday on the winter solstice Photo: The same view at midday on the winter solstice, with a long shadow clearly visible

At midday on the summer solstice the shadow sits almost entirely beneath the building. Hanoi is at latitude 21 degrees north while the sun that day stands at 23.4 degrees north, so it is nearly overhead, at an altitude of about 88 degrees. At midday on the winter solstice that angle falls to roughly 46 degrees, so the shadow lengthens markedly and swaps to the north.

The midday sun angle changes with the season Photo: Midday solar altitude at Hanoi on the summer and winter solstices

This is what foreign references cannot teach a practitioner working in Vietnam. At temperate latitudes the midday shadow is always long and always falls the same way. In the tropics the midday shadow is short and changes side with the season.

The consequence lies in the design, not in the image. Sunshades, overhangs and setbacks have to be sized against the real shadow of the place being built on, not against an example from a foreign textbook. When laying out a site, spacing between blocks deserves the same check, as covered in Toposolid in Revit.

Revit sun path: reading sunrise and checking the location

Switching Sun Path On draws a compass ring and the arc the sun travels on the day currently set, directly in the view.

The sun path at Hanoi Photo: The sun disc, the hour ring and the date label drawn on the view
No.ComponentWhat it means
1Sun discThe sun at the hour currently set, with its time label. Drag it along the arc to change the hour and the shadows follow immediately
2Hour ringThe outer ring around the building, marked N, E, S and W. Drag this ring to change the day of the year
3Date labelRevit prints the date being studied directly on the view

Revit also prints sunrise and sunset times on the view. Both are computed from the coordinates you declared, which makes them the quickest check that the location is right: a sunrise noticeably out from reality means the location is wrong.

The sun path also teaches well. Switch it on, drag the sun disc back and forth, and the relationship between orientation, season and shadow becomes obvious. Autodesk documents the full range of solar study modes on Define Sun Settings for a View.

Try it: two saved views and the sun set for the real site

A thirty-minute exercise. It runs through the whole sequence for a perspective in Revit, on a model that already has a building in it.

  1. Open Default 3D View. Hide the Toposolid and Planting categories to see the building clearly.
  2. Switch Projection Mode to Perspective and look at the result. Note how it differs from Orthographic, then switch back.
  3. Return to the ground floor plan. Place a camera looking at the front of the building from the street. Note the two boxes on the ribbon Camera panel.
  4. Rename the new view PC-01 STREET. Set Eye and Target Elevation both to 1600.
  5. Place a second camera looking down from above, named PC-02 OVERALL, with Eye 15000 and Target 3000.
  6. Open Sun Settings, choose Still, click the browse button and find the city the building is being built in. Note the latitude and longitude.
  7. Clear the Use Daylight Savings time box.
  8. Apply Summer Solstice then Winter Solstice, capture both and compare the shadows.
  9. Switch Sun Path On. Note the sunrise and sunset times for the day currently set.
  10. Turn on Cast Shadows in Graphic Display Options, set Background to Sky, and save the project.

Steps 6 and 9 check each other: the sunrise read in step 9 has to match reality for the city declared in step 6.

Frequently asked questions

Shadows do not look like reality — where is the fix?

Almost certainly the project location is still Boston. Open Sun Settings, click the browse button beside Location, and set the city the building is being built in.

Shadows are switched on but nothing appears. Why?

Three possibilities. Cast Shadows is off in Graphic Display Options; Solar Study is in Lighting mode with too high an altitude; or it is midday in summer at a Vietnamese latitude, and that is the true shadow.

Why can a perspective view not be given a scale?

Because a perspective has a vanishing point, so the same object measures differently near and far within one image. For a 3D view that carries a scale, use an axonometric view.

Where has the Ray Trace style gone?

The 2027 release removed it. Use Realistic on screen, and the Render command when a high quality image is needed.

About the author

Dr. Nguyen Manh Tuan — BIM lecturer at the Institute of Information Technology in Civil Engineering – Hanoi University of Civil Engineering